Brake shoe



June 11, 1946.

M. N. TRAlNvr-:R 2,402,101

BRAKE sHoE Filed Aug. 9, 1943- June l1, 19.46.

M. N. TRAINER l 2,402,101

BRAKE sHoE 4 4Filed Aug. 9, 1945 2 sheets-sheet 2 Patented June 11, 1946BRAKE SHOE Y Maurice N. Trainer, East Orange, N. J., assgnor to AmericanBrake Shoe Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of DelawareApplication August 9, 1943, Serial No. 497,887

(Cl. 18S-258) 13 Claims.

This invention relates to brake shoes of the' kind which have ductilemetal reenforcements embedded at the backs of the cast bodies thereof,such shoes being employed on railway and like equipment to effectdeceleration thereof'.

The ductile metal reenforcement that is included in such a brake shoe,while being effective to resist fracture of the cast body of the shoe,is particularly effective, in the event of fracture of the cast body inthe course of use of the shoe, to avoid separation of fractured partsone from the other and from the reenforcement. Such a reenforcement alsoresists straightening of the arcuate face of the shoe in which it isincluded, especially when the shoe is heated as an incident to thedissipation of energy in the course of a deceleration effected byforcibly applying the shoe to a moving member and such a reenforcementalso assists in dissipating the stresses impressed on the shoe in thecourse of such a deceleration. In order that such a ductile metalreenforce may effectively accomplish the above enumerated and relatedfunctions it is essential that separation between such a reenforce andthe cast body of the shoe in which it is included be effectivelyresisted, particularly in the event of fracture of the body, and it isalso important, in the event ofv such fracture, to prevent movement ofthe fractured parts relative to each other and .the reenforce, and toenablev these and related functions to be realized in a novel andeffective manner is the primary object of this invention.

It has been observed, in some instances where the cast body of a brakeshoe including a reenforce of the character to which this inventionYpertains has been factured, that a portion of the fractured body issometimes freed from adjacent portions of the body and from thereenforce so that it falls away from the shoe while other fracturedportions of the body are retained in posi-` tion by reason of theconnection of such portions to the reenforce. In some instances such aretained and connected portion may sometimes be so freed from otherportions of the body that it is capable of movement relative to otherportions of the body metal along the reenforce. In such circumstancesand in the course of use of the shoe, such a freed and movable portionsometimes exerted a hammering action on the reenforce and particularlyon other portions of the i service has been realized from the shoe.Theretions of the cast body relative to each other and the reenforce ina brake shoe in the event of fracture of the body metal of the shoe andan object related to the foregoing is to so constitute and arrange thereenforce included in a brake shoe it will be effective to preventrelative movement of fractured parts of body metal of the shoe withrespect to each other ,and the reenforce in the event of fracture of thebody metal in the course of'use ofthe shoe and particularly in thoseinstances Where a portion of the fractured'body metal falls away fromthe shoe.

A brake shoe of the character to which this invention pertains and inwhich the novel reenforce of the present invention is included isusually applied to the peripheral or tread portion of a wheelandtherefore embodies an arcuate wearing face that is complementary tosuch peripheral portion of the wheel. The ductile metal reenforce thatis included in such a shoe at the back thereof usually embodies anarcuate configuration of such nature that the reenforce lies in at leastsubstantially parallel relation with the arcuate wearing face of theshoe. Furthermore, when the arcuate wearing face of such a shoe isapplied to the tread of the wheel to effect deceleration of the wheel,appreciable stresses are impressed upon the shoe and the reenforceincluded therein particularly circumferentially of the arcuate wearingface of the shoe and the arcuate configuration of the reenforce.Therefore, yet another object of this invention is to afford aninterconnection between the cast metal body of a brake shoe and theductile metal reenforce ncluded therein which will be effective toresist the stresses impressed on the shoe and reenforce as aforesaid;and an object ancillary to the foregoing is to effectively resist anytendency toward separation between a ductile metal reenforce and thecast body of the shoe in which it is included that may arise as anincident to stresses impressed on the shoe circumferentially of thearcuate wearing face of the shoe.

vA ductile metal reenforce of the character in which my invention may beadvantageously embodied is disclosed in Pogue Patent No. 2,035,720,patented Marchv 3l, 1936. The ductile metal reenforce to which thispatent relates embodies depressed marginal portions along opposite edgesthereof whereby the medial portion of the reenforce is disposed abovesuch depressed marginal portions so as to in effect afford a channelbetween the depressed marginal portion andV be foregoing is to afford aninterconnection between a reenforcement of the character disclosed inthe aforesaid Pogue patent and the cast metal body of the shoe in whichit is included that will effectively resist any tendency towardseparation between the reenforce and the cast metal body, especiallyinsofar as this may arise by reason of stresses impressed on the shoecircumferentially of the arcuate wearing face thereof.

A ductile metal reenforcement or reenforcement plate of the character towhich this invention pertains, which is commonly called a steel back andwhich includes depressed marginal portions along opposite edges thereof,may be effectively interconnected with the cast metal body of a shoe inwhich it is included, so as to prevent movement of fractured portions ofthe cast body relative to each other and the reenforcement, by extendingformed portions transversely across the reenforce with respect to thedepressed marginal portions thereof. Moreover, when such formed portionsare properly related and disposed, thrust impressed on the shoecircumferentially of the wearing face thereof may be impressed on suchformed portions so as to thereby be effectively resisted. Hence, yetanother object of this invention is to form and relate transverselyextending portions on a reenforce plate of the aforesaid character insuch a manner that movement of fractured parts of the body of the shoein which the plate is included relative to each other and the plate willbe prevented and also so that thrust impressed on the shoecircumferentially of the arcuate Wearing face thereof will beeffectively resisted.

Further objects are to afford pockets in a reenforce of the aforesaidcharacter into which portions of the cast body metal of a shoe may beextended; to so locate and relate such pockets that the anchorage ofportions of the body metal therein will be effective to resist anytendency toward separation that might arise between the body metal andthe reenforce when circumferential thrust of the nature referred tohereinabove is impressed on the shoe; and to so locate and relate suchpockets that the portions of the body metal anchored therein will beeffective to prevent movement of fractured parts of the body relative toeach other and the reenforce in the event of fracture ofthe body.

Yet other objects are to form pockets in the depressed marginal portionsalong opposite edges of a reenforce plate and into which pocketsportions of the cast body metal may be extended rto be anchored therein;to extend ribs between the depressed marginal panels of a reenforce soas to thereby afford pockets beneath the medial part of the reenforce;and to so arrange the reenforce and pockets or ribs of the aforesaidcharacter that these may be afforded in the reenforce by being rolledthereinto in the course of production thereof so as to thereby enableeconomical production of the reenforce.

Other and further objects of the present invenl tion will be apparentfrom the following description and claims and are illustrated in theaccompanying drawings which, by way of illustration, show preferredembodiments and the principle thereof and what I now consider to be thebest mode in which I have contemplated applying that principle. Otherembodiments of the invention embodying the same or equivalent principlemay be used and structural changes may be made as desired by thoseskilled in the art without departing from the present invention and thepurview of the appended claims.

In the drawings,

Fig. 1 is a side View, partly in elevation and partly in section, of abrake shoe embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 is a pian view of the ductile metal reenforce that is embedded atthe back of the shoe shown in Fig. l, the body metal that is to be castabout such a reenforce being shown in broken lines;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary plan view of the back shown in Fig. 2 prior tothe time an arcuate conguration is imparted thereto;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary view of the reenforce as it is illustrated inFig. 3 and showing the face thereof opposite to that shown in Fig. 3;

Figs. 5 and 6 are transverse sectional Views taken substantially andrespectively on lines 5-5 and 6 6 in Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing a modiied form of myinvention;

Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 2 and showing the reenforce that isincluded in the shoe shown in Fig. '7; Y

Figs. 9 and 10, respectively, are views corresponding to Figs. 3 and 4but showing the reenforce illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8; and

Figs. 11 and 12 are transverse sectional views taken substantially andrespectively on the lines II-H and I2-l2 on Fig. 7.

The form of my invention shown in Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, of theaccompanying drawings is embodied in a brake shoe that includes a body20, preferably of cast iron in which, in accordance with well understoodpractices in the art, chilled sections may be afforded particularlyatthe ends and adjacent to the wearing face of the resulting brake shoe.If desired, an expanded metal or other reenforce (not shown) may beincluded in the body 20. A ductile metal reenforce 2|, commonly referredto as a steel back, is embedded in the back of the cast body at the facethereof opposite the arcuate wearing face of the shoe. This back orreenforce is desirably so sized as to terminate in spaced relation withopposite ends of the body 20, the end portions of the back or reenforceplate desirably being disposed beneath end stops 22 provided on the backof the body at ends thereof as is customary in the art.

My invention primarily has to do with the ductile metal reenforce plateor steel back as 2| whichis desirably hot rolled to have the desiredconfiguration and characteristics imparted thereto. Moreover, in thecourse of production of ther back as 2|, openings as 23 and 24 areformed therein. The body metal flows into such openings during thecasting operation whereby the back and body metal are interconnected.

A center attaching lug L is provided on the back of the shoe midwaybetween the ends thereof and includes a ductile metal strap 25 aboutparts of which portions of the body metal 26 are cast. A s best shown inFig. .1,. the strap 25 is substantially U-shaped and has reducedportions or tongues as `26 projected from the free ends of the limbsthereof, these tongues as 26 being passed throughopenings as 21 formedin the back or reenforce plate 2| and, as best shown in Figs.

2 and 5, the tongues as 26 are folded over onto i and clenched againstthe under side of the reenforce plate 2| so that the shoulders as 28,Fig. 1, on the strap are clenched against the upper face of thereenforce plate 2| and thereby the strap as pressed marginal panelsas'28 and 29, the lower` face of the center panel or medial part 30,Fig. 5, of the reenforce 2| is disposed to lie above the lower faces ofthe flanges 28 and 29 and substantially in the plane of the upper facesof these flanges. In this way a channel C is afforded in the reenforceplate beneath the panel 30. As best shown in Figs. 5 and 6, portions ofthe body metal llow into this channel during the casting operation andthe portions of the body metal disposed in this channel effectivelyinterconnect the reenforce 2| and the body 20, Such interconnection iseffective to -assist in the dissipation of whatever thrust may beimpressed upon the shoe, including such a reenforce, transversely acrossthe wearing face of the shoe. i

It has been explained hereinabove that it is desirable to insure that a:drm vinterconnection be afforded between the body as 20 and thereenforce plate as 2|. This interconnection is desirably of such natureas to effectively resist thrust that is impressed upon the shoecircumferentially of the wearing face thereof and also thisinterconnection is to be such as to prevent movement of fractured partsof the body relative to each other and the back or reenforce in theevent of fracture of ythe body. To this end, in the course of rollingthe depressed marginal portions or flanges 28 and 29 on vthe reenforce,pockets 3| and 32 are respectivelyrolled into these flanges so that, asbest shown in Fig. 1, portions of the body metal may flow into thesepockets during the casting operation. Desirably, the pockets as 3| and32 are so rolled into the flanges 2B and 29 that the outer vfaces of theupper parts of pockets are disposed at least substantially in the planeof the upper l face of the panel 30. The pockets as 3| and 32 extendtransversely across the flanges 28 and 29 and therefore the portions ofthe body metal which are anchored therein assist in dissipatingso'located relative to each other that, in the event of fracture of thecast body in the course of use of @the shoeA in which the reenforce isincluded,

fand particularly if some of the fractured portions of the body areretained while others'fall away from the reenforce and the shoe, theretained f portions of the body will be held against move Vment relativeto'each other and the reenforce and thereby a detrimental hammering orpounding action by the retained portions of the body will be prevented.Hence, a shoe equipped with the novel reenforce plate of the presentinventionmay be retained in service and will function in a satisfactorymanner even though the body thereof is fractured in the course of use ofthe shoe. I A

Another form of my invention is illustrated in Figs. 7 to 12, inclusive,and the shoe and reenforce illustrated therein are 'similar to thoseillustrated in Figs. l to 6 and where elements appear in Figs. 7`,tol2inclusive, that correspond to elementsvillu'stratein Figs. 1 to 6,these elements in Figs.l 7 to, 12.v are designated by the same referencecharacter as that employed in Figs. 1 to 6 but thesulflx a is added tothese reference characters where they appear in Figs. 7 to 12.

Thus as in the reenforce as 2|, depressed marginal portions or flanges28a and 29a are rolled into the reenforce 2|a shown in Figs. 7 to 12,whereby a channel Ca is provided beneath the central panel 30a of thisreenforce. In this instance, however, instead of rolling pockets as 3|and 32 into the depressed flanges 28a and 29a, ribs as 33 are rolledinto the reenforce plate 2| to extend beneath the inwardly disposedfaces of the flanges and the inclined portions which interconnect 'theseflanges to the center panel 30. Desirably the exposed faces of the ribs33 are disposed to lie at least substantially in the plane of the lowerfaces of the flanges 28a and 29a.

As best shown in Figs. 7, 9 and 10, the ribs 33 are provided at spacedintervals along the extent of the channel Ca and in cooperation with theinwardly disposed faces of the depressed marginal portionsor flanges 28aand 29a, and the inu clined portions which connect these marginalportions or flanges with the center panel 36a, afford pockets P intowhich portions of the body metal may flow during the casting operation.Those portions of the body metal which flow into and become anchored inthese pockets as P are effective to assist in dissipation of stressesimpressed on the shoe circumferentially of the arcuate wearing facethereof, the ribs as 33 also assisting in the dissipation of suchstresses. Moreover, those portions of the cast body that are anchored inthe pockets as P are effective to prevent undesired movement of portionsof the `body metal relative to each other and the reenforce plate in theevent of fracture of the body metal so as to thereby avoid the undesiredhammering action to which reference has been made herea inabove. y

It will be `understood that the provision of pockets as 3| andA 32 orribs as -33 will be effective to prevent undesired movement of portionsof the body metal rrelative toV each and the reenforce plate, in theevent of fracture of the body metal, whether or not openings as 23 and24 or 23a and 24a are provided. However, the positions of the ribs as 33and the pockets as 3| and 32 are advantageously related to the positionsof openings as 23 and 24 and 23a and 24a for thereby the positions ofthe cast body anchored in these openings are effective to assist theribs orpockets and the body metal anchored therein in the performanceofthe hereinabove described functions of these elements.

By reason of the provision of pockets as 3| or 32, or pockets as P andthe transverse ribs as 3-3, a firm interconnection isaiforded betweenthe reenforce' plate or steel back of this invention and the body metalof the shoe in which it is included. Furthermore, such pocketsv and ribsare effective yto prevent undesired movement of portions of the bodymetal relative to each other and the reenforce, in the event of fractureof the body metal. Therefore, detrimental hammering by retained butfreed portions of fractured body metal may be avoided. Moreover, theprovision of pockets as 3l and 32 or pockets as P and ribs as 33 affordsan arrangement which is effective to dissipate the stresses that areirn-y pressed on the arcuate wearing face of a shoe in which a reenforceembodying such elements is included and this arrangement is effective toprevent undesired separation between the reenforce and the body metaleven if the :body should be fractured in the course of use of the shoe.Therefore, an arrangement such as that described hereinabove enables thehereinabove set forth and related objects of this invention to berealized.

While I have illustrated and described selected embodiments of myinvention, it is to be understood that these are capable of variationand modification and I therefore do not wish to be limited to theprecise details set forth but desire to avail myself of such changes andalterations as fall within the purview of the following` claims.

1 claim:

l. A .brake shoe having a cast body and ncluding an arcuate wearingface, a reenforce plate embedded in the body at the back thereof, and acenter attaching lug, said plate having flanges along opposite edgesthat are extended toward said wearing face, and said plate havingpockets formed therein facing toward the center of curvature of saidwearing face and including yvvall portions extended transversely of saidplate which A at least in part are disposed beneath the i'ace of saidplate disposed toward the center of curvature of said wearing face, saidpockets being spaced one from the other longitudinally of said platewhereby portions of the body metal may L be anchored therein to preventmovement of retained portions of the body relative to each and thereenforce plate in the event of fracture of the body in the course ofuse of the shoe and to assist in the dissipation of stressesimpressedcircumferentially on the arcuate wearing face of the shoe.

2. A brake shoe having a cast body and including an arcuate wearingface. a reenforce plate embedded in the body at the back thereof, and aycenter attaching lug, said plate having flanges along opposite edgesthat are extended toward said Wearing face, and said plate havingpockets formed wholly in said anges that open toward said wearing faceand which include wall portions extended transversely of said platewhich at least in part are disposed beneath the face of said platedisposed toward said wearing face, said pockets being spaced one fromthe other longitudinally of said plate whereby portions of the` bodymetal may be anchored therein to prevent movement of retained portionsof the body relative to each and the reenforce plate in the event offracture of the body in the course of use of' the shoe and to assist inthe dissipation of stresses impressed circumferentially on the arcuatewearing face of the shoe.

3. A brake shoe having a cast body and including an arcuate wearingface, a reenforce plate embedded in the body at the back thereof, acenter attaching lug, said plate having flanges along opposite edgesthat vare extended toward said wearing face, and ribs on said platedisposed between said flanges to define pockets opening toward saidWearing `face and in which portions of fracture of the body in the,course of use of the shoe and to assist in the dissipation of stressesimpressed circumferentially on the arcuate Wearing face of the shoe.

4. A brake shoe having a cast body and including yan arcuate wearingface, a reenforce plate embedded in the body at the back thereof, and acenter attaching lug, said plate including depressed marginal flangesalong opposite edges thereof and a center panel which has the lower facethereof disposed above the lower faces of said flanges, and said platehaving pockets formed therein which open toward said wearing face andwhich include Wall portions extended transversely of said plate which atleast in part are disposed beneath the face of said plate disposedtoward said wearing face, said pockets being spaced one from the otherlongitudinally of said plate whereby portions of the body metal may beanchored therein to prevent movement of retained portions of the bodyrelative to each and the reenforce plate in the event of fracture of thebody in the course of use of the shoe and to assist in the dissipationof stresses impressed circumferentially on the arcuate wearing face ofthe shoe.

5. A brake shoe having a cast body and including an arcuate wearingface, a reenforce plate embedded in the body at the back thereof, and acenter attaching lug, said plate including depressed marginal iiangesalong opposite edges thereof and a center panel which has the lower facethereof disposed above the lower faces of said flanges, and said platehaving pockets formed wholly in said flanges which open toward saidwea-ring face and which include wall portions extended transversely ofsaid plate which at least in part are disposed beneath the face of saidplate disposed toward said wearing face,lsaid pockets being spaced onefrom the other longitudinally of the plate whereby portions of the bodymetal may be anchored therein to prevent movement of retained portionsof the body relative to each and the reenforce plate in the event offracture of the body in the course of use of the shoe and to assist inthe dissipation of stresses impressed ciroumferentially on the arcuatewearing face of the shoe.

6. A brake shoe having a cast body and including an arcuate wearingface, a reenforoe plate embedded in the body at the back thereof, acenter attaching lug, said plate including depressed marginal fiangesalong opposite edges thereof and a center panel which has the lower facethereof disposed above the lower faces of said fianges, and ribs on thelower face of said center panel and disposed transversely of the platebetween said flanges and defining pockets which open into the lower faceof said plate and in which portions of the body metal may be anchored toprevent movement of retained portions of the body relative to each otherand the reenforce plate in the event of fracture of the body in thecourse of use of the shoe and to assist in the dissipation of stressesimpressed circumferentially on the arcuate Wearing face of the shoe.

'7. A brake shoe having a cast body and including an arcuate wearingface, a reenforce plate embedded in the body at the back thereof, acenter attaching lug, said plate including depressed marginal flangesalong opposite edges thereof and a center panel which has the lower facethereof disposed above the lower faces oi' said flanges, and ribs on thelower face oi said center panel and extended between said flanges andcooperating therewith and with the lower face of said center panel toafford pockets in which portions of the body metal may be anchored toprevent movement of retained portions of the body relative to each andthe reenforce plate in the event of fracture of the body in the courseof use of the shoe and to assist in the dissipation of stressesimpressed circumferentially on the arcuate Wearing face of the shoe.

8. A reenforce plate for a brake shoe or the like embodying aconcave-convex configuration between opposite edges thereof, and flangesalong other opposite edges of said plate that are extended toward thecenter of curvature of the concave face, said plate having pocketsformed therein which open toward the center of curvature of the concaveface thereof at spaced intervals along the extent of such plate andwhich include wall portions extended transversely of said plate andwhich at least in part are disposed beneath the face of said platedisposed toward said center of curvature.

9. A reenforce plate for a brake shoe or the like embodying aconcavo-convex conguration between opposite edges thereof, and flangesalong other opposite edges of said plate that are ex tended toward thecenter of curvature of the concave face, said plate having pocketsformed wholly in said flanges which open toward the center of curvatureof said plate at spaced intervals along the extent of said plate andwhich include wall portions extended transversely of said plate andwhich at least in part are disposed beneath the face of said platedisposed toward said center of curvature.

10. A reenforce plate for a brake shoe or the like embodying aconcave-convex configuration between opposite edges thereof, ilangesalong other opposite edges of said plate that are extended toward thecenter of curvature of the concave face, and ribs on the concave face of10 said plate disposed transversely between said ilanges and deningpockets which open toward the center of curvature of said plate atspaced intervals along the extent of such plate.

11. A reenforce plate for a brake shoe or the like embodying aconcavo-convex congurationbetween opposite edges thereof, flanges alongother opposite edges of said plate that are extended toward the centerof curvature of the concave face, and ribs on the concave face of saidplate disposed between said flanges and cooperating therewith and withthe concave face of said plate to afford pockets which open toward thecenter of curvature of said plate at spaced intervals along the extentof such plate.

12. A reenforce plate for a brake shoe or the like embodying aconcave-convex conguration between opposite edges thereof, and flangesalong other opposite edges of said plate that are extended toward thecenter of curvature of the concave face whereby a center panel isafforded on said plate which has the concave face thereof disposedinwardly .of said flanges, and ribs on the concave face of said centerpanel and extended transversely between said anges and dening pocketswhich open toward the center of curvature of said plate at spacedintervals along the extent of such plate.

13. A reenforce plate for a brake shoe or the like embodying aconcavo-convex conguration between opposite edges thereof, and flangesalong other opposite edges of said plate that are extended toward thecenter oi' curvature of the concave face whereby a center panel isafforded on said plate which has the concave face thereof disposedinwardly of said flanges, and ribs on the concave face of said centerpanel and extended between said flanges and cooperating therewith andwith the concave face of said plate to afford pockets which open towardthe center of curvature of said plate at spaced intervals along theextent of such plate.

MAURICE N. TRAINER.

